cloud native OSPulsePublic preview
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cloud native OS Pulse

A sourced comparison of cloud native operating systems. Every cell carries an evidence label and a source. Click a project name to open its data sheet.

Data as of The newest date a cited source was read. Profiles collected 15 Sep 2026 to 14 Oct 2026. Sources were last re-read in full on 22 Sep 2026. A profile collected after that date was read once, on its collection date.

Comparison matrix

One row per core entry, alphabetical by name. Every cell carries its evidence label and a source. Sort by any column; filter by value. Click a project name for its data sheet.

How to read the matrix

Each cell shows the values. Open a project's data sheet (click its name) for the evidence label and the sources behind each one.

Values

  • None a documented absence
  • Unknown not determined
  • does not apply
  • Not collected no data for this field yet

Badges

  • Inferred a dashed border: inferred, not stated outright
  • See note opens the note in the data sheet
  • Fact-fix a cell under review; it may change
  • Newer release released after collection, not yet re-checked
  • Version not checked the version check has no result for this entry

Entry kind

  • distribution ships released OS artifacts with versions and a release process
  • platform-os an OS produced mainly to run one vendor platform
  • framework a toolchain for producing an OS; the adopter owns the result
  • mechanism a component that implements part of the lifecycle; not an OS on its own
  • build-system builds an OS image from source recipes; the adopter owns the image, and each capability comes from the layers the adopter selects

Built with AI agents. Every documented claim cites its source in the project's data sheet. How it was made explains the sources and the checks behind every cell. The glossary defines the terms.

Columns
Columns shown
Filters (0 active)
Bring your own distro

Whether you can build on top of a base distribution you already use. ?

Configuration first runs

The earliest point in the boot or install flow where the configuration runs. ?

Configuration runs until

The latest point at which the configuration can still be applied. ?

Configuration repeats

How the configuration is applied again after the first run. ?

Configuration can change

What the configuration can change: settings only, files and units, or any command. ?

Update unit

What one update replaces, for example the whole image or a package set. ?

Adding software to the OS

How you add host software to the OS image or the running system. ?

Automatic rollback

Whether the machine reverts to the previous version by itself when a new one fails to boot. ?

Update signature check

Whether a node can check that an update is signed before it applies it. ?

Boot trust chain

How far trust reaches at boot, from Secure Boot alone to a signed running root. ?

Fleet upgrade path

The documented ways to upgrade a whole fleet beyond one command per node. ?

Fleet upgrade reconciliation

How the fleet tool keeps nodes at the wanted version: once, in place, or by replacing the node. ?

Fleet tool license

The license of the fleet upgrade tool. ?

Kubernetes

Whether Kubernetes is required, optional or not bundled with the entry. ?

Kubernetes distribution

The Kubernetes distributions the entry documents. An entry matches when it documents any one you select. Each cell says how the project offers it. ?

Node access

How you reach a node once it runs. ?

Cluster API

How a node joins a cluster through Cluster API. ?

AI accelerator

Accelerators the project or its vendor documents support for. Entries that build on a base distribution you pick also match, marked. ?

Accelerator driver

How the accelerator driver reaches the node. ?

NVIDIA GPU Operator

Whether the NVIDIA GPU Operator mode is documented for the entry. ?

Architecture

CPU architectures with a released image. Entries whose own components are built for an architecture, on a base distribution you pick, also match, marked. ?

Day-0 path

How a node gets its first install and bootstrap. ?

Self-hostable update source

Whether you can host the place where a node downloads its OS updates. ?

Assets held by

Who holds the trademark and the project assets. ?

Lead comparison matrix. Rows sorted alphabetically by name.
???????????????????
Azure Container Linux (ACL), data sheet3.0.20260809 (os-release), in AKS node image 202609.23.0 · 23 Sep 2026distributionplatform-osVersion not checked
  • Vendor image
  • No, ships its own base
  • Cloud image
  • azure-marketplace-image
  • Ignition, initramfs
  • AKS node image: Whole node (reimaged or replaced)
  • In-node A/B: /usr only
  • See note: AKS
  • systemd-sysext
  • Derive the image
  • Possible
  • Level 3
  • verity hash signed
  • Provided by the platform
  • Unknown
  • Managed service, replacement
  • Optional, not bundled
  • AKS
  • SSH and shell
  • None documented
  • NVIDIA GPU
  • amd64
  • arm64
  • Unknown
  • Single vendor
  • Vendor lifecycle
bootc, data sheetv1.16.13 · 15 Sep 2026mechanismNewer release
  • You build it (framework)
  • Yes
  • Not an OS image
  • None of its own, none of its own
  • Derive the image
  • Possible
  • Opt-in: signature policy
  • Level 3
  • Opt-in: Sealed UKI
  • fs-verity digest signed
  • Backend dependent
  • Operator, in place
  • Fleet server, in place
  • Not bundled
  • MicroShift (build option)
  • Depends on the image
  • Does not apply
  • NVIDIA GPU
  • AMD
  • Intel
  • Via your base distribution
  • Ships no OS image
  • amd64, arm64, ppc64le, s390x via your base distribution
  • Yes
  • Foundation-held
  • None published
Bottlerocket, data sheetv1.65.0 · 9 Sep 2026distributionplatform-osNewer release
  • Vendor image
  • You build it (framework)
  • No, ships its own base
  • Cloud image
  • VM image
  • Disk image
  • TOML settings, before services
  • Whole OS image
  • Build-time only
  • Possible
  • Level 3
  • verity hash signed
  • Yes
  • Operator, in place
  • Fleet server, in place
  • Managed service, replacement
  • Optional, bundled
  • EKS
  • self-hosted Kubernetes
  • Karpenter-managed
  • API
  • Shell through an optional admin container
  • None documented
  • NVIDIA GPU
  • Neuron
  • amd64
  • arm64
  • Yes
  • Single vendor
  • Versioned, with end of life
Container-Optimized OS, data sheetcos-129-19506-448-36 · 17 Sep 2026platform-osGoogle Cloud onlyNewer release
  • Vendor image
  • No, ships its own base
  • Cloud image
  • cloud-init and startup scripts, unknown
  • In place: Whole OS image
  • GKE: Whole node (reimaged or replaced)
  • Vendor extensions
  • Derive the image
  • Possible
  • Level 2
  • Provided by the platform
  • Unknown
  • Managed service, replacement
  • Optional, not bundled
  • managed Kubernetes
  • SSH and shell
  • None documented
  • NVIDIA GPU
  • Google TPU
  • amd64
  • arm64
  • Unknown
  • Single vendor
  • LTS stream
Elemental, data sheetelemental-operator v1.9.2; elemental-toolkit v2.3.4; Elemental OS (Elemental Linux) v2.3.1 · 18 Jun 2026distributionframework
  • Vendor image
  • Vendor base, you derive
  • You build it (framework)
  • Yes
  • ISO
  • Disk image
  • PXE
  • MachineRegistration cloud-config, initramfs
  • Derive the image
  • Transactional packages
  • Unknown
  • Not collected
  • Yes
  • Fleet server, in place
  • Reboot coordination
  • Optional, installed separately
  • RKE2 (add-on)
  • k3s (add-on)
  • SSH and shell
  • None documented
  • None documented
  • amd64
  • Yes
  • Single vendor
  • Unknown
EVE-OS, data sheet17.0.0-lts · 27 Jul 2026distribution
  • Vendor image
  • Unknown
  • Disk image
  • ISO
  • PXE
  • Installer options and controller, installer
  • Whole OS image
  • Build-time only
  • Digest only
  • Level 2
  • Yes
  • Fleet server, in place
  • Optional, bundled in some images
  • k3s (in the image)
  • Fleet server or controller
  • No SSH in production
  • None documented
  • Jetson
  • amd64
  • arm64
  • Yes
  • Foundation-held
  • LTS stream
Fedora CoreOS, data sheet44.20260829.3.1 · 15 Sep 2026distributionNewer release
  • Vendor image
  • No, ships its own base
  • ISO
  • PXE
  • Cloud image
  • Disk image
  • Ignition, initramfs
  • OS tree, /etc merged
  • Package layering
  • Derive the image
  • Possible
  • Level 1
  • Provided by the platform
  • No
  • Fleet server, in place
  • Reboot coordination
  • Optional, not bundled
  • SSH and shell
  • Through kubeadm
  • Reported to fail
  • NVIDIA GPU (unsupported)
  • amd64
  • arm64
  • ppc64le
  • s390x
  • Yes
  • Community project, sponsor holds the trademark
  • Rolling, no LTS
Flatcar Container Linux, data sheet4757.2.0 · 14 Sep 2026distributionNewer release
  • Vendor image
  • Vendor base, you derive
  • No, ships its own base
  • ISO
  • PXE
  • Cloud image
  • Disk image
  • Ignition, initramfs
  • coreos-cloudinit, userspace boot
  • systemd-sysext
  • Derive the image
  • Possible
  • Level 3
  • Opt-in: enrolled key
  • verity hash signed
  • Yes
  • Fleet server, in place
  • Cluster API, replacement
  • Reboot coordination
  • Optional, not bundled
  • k3s (add-on)
  • Upstream Kubernetes (add-on)
  • kubeadm
  • Cluster API
  • Kubespray
  • Typhoon
  • SSH and shell
  • Through kubeadm
  • NVIDIA GPU
  • amd64
  • arm64
  • Yes
  • Foundation-held
  • LTS stream
Kairos, data sheetv4.3.0 · 8 Sep 2026frameworkdistributionHadron: default base, v0.5.1
  • You build it (framework)
  • Vendor base, you derive
  • Vendor image
  • Yes
  • Hadron: the only released base
  • Installer
  • ISO
  • PXE
  • Cloud image
  • Disk image
  • MAAS
  • yip, initramfs
  • Derive the image
  • systemd-sysext
  • Vendor extensions
  • Possible
  • Opt-in: Trusted Boot
  • Level 3
  • Opt-in: Trusted Boot
  • UKI, no pivot
  • Yes
  • Operator, one-shot
  • Fleet server, one-shot
  • Cluster API, replacement
  • Optional, bundled in standard images only
  • k3s (in the image)
  • k0s (in the image)
  • Upstream Kubernetes (in the image)
  • kubeadm
  • SSH and shell
  • Fleet server or controller
  • Own providers
  • Jetson
  • Hadron: NVIDIA GPU
  • Hadron: Jetson
  • Via your base distribution
  • Hadron: amd64
  • Hadron: arm64
  • riscv64 via your base distribution
  • Yes
  • Foundation-held
  • None published
Talos Linux, data sheetv1.14.1 · 15 Sep 2026distributionNewer release
  • Vendor image
  • You build it (framework)
  • No, ships its own base
  • ISO
  • PXE
  • UKI
  • Cloud image
  • Disk image
  • Installer
  • Machine configuration, before services
  • Vendor extensions
  • Possible
  • Opt-in: verification policy
  • Level 3
  • Opt-in: SecureBoot UKI
  • UKI, no pivot
  • Only when the init process fails
  • Fleet server, in place
  • Cluster API, replacement
  • Reboot coordination
  • Bundled and required
  • Upstream Kubernetes (set up by the OS)
  • API only
  • Fleet server or controller
  • Own providers
  • No longer actively developed
  • NVIDIA GPU
  • AMD
  • Intel
  • Qualcomm
  • Edge NPU
  • amd64
  • arm64
  • Yes
  • Single vendor
  • Versioned, with end of life
Ubuntu Core, data sheetUbuntu Core 26 · 14 May 2026distributionframeworkVersion not checked
  • Vendor image
  • You build it (framework)
  • No, ships its own base
  • Disk image
  • VM image
  • Factory
  • gadget.yaml, installer
  • Per snap
  • Snaps
  • Possible
  • Level 2
  • Documented for a remodel only
  • Fleet server, in place
  • Fleet server, one-shot
  • Fleet server
  • Optional, not bundled
  • MicroK8s (add-on)
  • SSH and shell
  • Fleet server or controller
  • None documented
  • NVIDIA GPU
  • Jetson
  • amd64
  • arm64
  • Commercial only
  • Single vendor
  • LTS stream

Project data sheets

One sheet per entry. Each lists every value from the matrix in full, with its evidence and sources. It does not rank or judge.

distribution, platform-os

Azure Container Linux (ACL)

Microsoft project

3.0.20260809 (os-release), in AKS node image 202609.23.0 · collected 5 Oct 2026
Entry ?
Azure Container Linux (ACL)3.0.20260809 (os-release), in AKS node image 202609.23.0 · 23 Sep 2026distributionplatform-osVersion not checked
Who owns the artifact ?
  • Vendor image
No row-level source. Sources for the Customization sectionDocumented, evidence
Bring your own distro ?
No, ships its own baseInferred, evidence[20]
Day-0 paths ?
  • Cloud image
  • azure-marketplace-image
Config: ignitionNo row-level source. Sources for the Provisioning sectionDocumented, evidence
Configuration tool ?
  • Ignition (shipped as ignition-flatcar) (Apache-2.0) Earliest: initramfs; Latest: first boot; Repeat: once; Scope: files and units
Formats and mounts additional disks and formats LUKS volumes in the initramfs; systemd-repart and growfs grow the root; Clevis/Tang disk encryption is not supported. After first boot: Reprovision.Inferred, evidence[21,22,23]
Update unit ?
AKS node image: Whole node (reimaged or replaced); In-node A/B: /usr onlyNote: On AKS, ACL supports only full node image updates. The repository documents an in-node A/B /usr slot that Trident switches; no source says AKS uses it.Mechanism: Replace the instance, A/B partition switch.Documented, evidence[20,21]
Mounts ?
  • Read-only /usr (btrfs filesystem under dm-verity)
  • Writable, reset on reboot Not found in the documentation we read. Know the answer?
  • Writable, persistent /etc (overlay, upper layer persisted on the ROOT partition); the rest of the ROOT partition (the documents do not list which paths)
  • Configurable Ignition can format and mount additional disks and set up mount points at first boot. The read-only /usr is fixed.
Documented, evidence[3]
Adding software to the OS ?
  • systemd-sysextSysext images merge over the read-only /usr. The image carries a containerd sysext. Standalone sysexts for NVIDIA drivers and Docker are downloaded on demand.[24]
  • Derive the imageRun the Azure Linux Image Customizer on an existing ACL image. The project's guide uses it to preload container images with a script that runs in a chroot on the image.[25]
Documented, evidence
Update signature check ?
PossibleOn by default, through Trusted Launch.[26] The kernel, initramfs and command line ship as one signed UKI, which Secure Boot checks at boot.[26]Inferred, evidence
Boot trust chain ?
Level 3: Running root coveredOn by default, through Trusted Launch.[26] Trust reaches the running root (level 3).[26,27] How the root is covered: dm-verity root hash inside a signed boot artifact (signed UKI and per-slot addon). Secure Boot and vTPM are required. The public build signs the UKI only with a test key, so the vendor documents level 3 but it cannot be reproduced from the public source.Documented, evidence
Automatic rollback ?
Not found in the documentation we read. Know the answer?Unknown, evidence
Fleet upgrade paths ?
  • Managed node service: AKS NodeImage channel managed service, reconciled by replacement[28,29]
On its own: The OS has no update agent of its own. AKS acts when the node OS upgrade channel is NodeImage.Documented, evidence
Kubernetes ?
Optional, not bundledDocumented ways to run Kubernetes: AKSNo row-level source. Sources for the Kubernetes relationship sectionDocumented, evidence
Node access ?
  • SSH and shell
Through the AKS node pool SSH setting, or kubectl debug node. Entra ID SSH is not supported on ACLNo row-level source. Sources for the Operations and debugging sectionDocumented, evidence
Cluster API ?
None documentedNo row-level source. Sources for the Fleet management sectionDocumented, evidence
AI accelerators ?
  • NVIDIA GPU: NVIDIA GPU node pools amd64; vendor image or package; signed (inferred); GPU Operator not documented; inferred[26,30,31]
Inferred, evidence
Architectures ?
  • amd64
  • arm64
No row-level source. Sources for the Hardware and platform sectionDocumented, evidence
Self-hostable update source ?
Not found in the documentation we read. Know the answer?Unknown, evidence
Who holds the assets ?
Single vendorVendor: MicrosoftNo row-level source. Sources for the Governance sectionDocumented, evidence
Support model ?
Vendor lifecycleCommercial support: unknownNo row-level source. Sources for the Maturity sectionDocumented, evidence
What names the OS version
Named by AKS node image version and os-release VERSION. Condition: No optional system extensions beyond those baked into the image.Inclusion criterion 1: atomic updates (versioned OS).Documented, evidence[243,244]
Maintainers
Single vendor.Documented, evidence[245,246]

Sources for this section

Rows here, and guide text, marked "No row-level source" rest on these lists. Each list backs its dimension as a whole, not one row.

Customization [244,247,248,249]

Provisioning [250]

Kubernetes relationship [20,251,252,253,254]

Operations and debugging [255,256,257,258,247]

Fleet management [20,257]

Hardware and platform [259,20,254]

Governance [260,245,246,250]

Maturity [261,262,263,264,29]

OS model [20,260,250,265]

Upgrade [20,254,257,250,266]

Rollback and recovery [254,267,268]

Every value as the matrix records it, with its evidence label and sources. For open bugs and advisories, see the project's own issue tracker.
mechanism

bootc

CNCF Sandbox project Red Hatmain sponsor

v1.16.13 · collected 15 Sep 2026
Entry ?
bootcv1.16.13 · 15 Sep 2026mechanismNewer releaseNewer release since collection: v1.17.1 (checked 2026-10-19). Not yet re-validated.
Who owns the artifact ?
  • You build it (framework)
No row-level source. Sources for the Customization sectionDocumented, evidence
Bring your own distro ?
YesAny bootc base image; adopters span several distributions.Documented, evidence[5]
Day-0 paths ?
Not an OS imagebootc install to-disk and to-filesystemNo row-level source. Sources for the Provisioning sectionDocumented, evidence
Configuration tool ?
  • None of its own (agnostic) Earliest: none of its own; Latest: depends on the tool; Repeat: depends on the tool; Scope: depends on the tool
At install: bootc install --block-setup tpm2-luks, kickstart --encrypted, or a bootc-image-builder disk layout. After first boot: A new image through bootc upgrade or bootc switch.Documented, evidence[32,33,34]
Update unit ?
OS tree, /etc mergedNote: /etc is merged three ways on upgrade, unless etc.transient is set; one /var is shared.Mechanism: OCI image deployment.Documented, evidence[35]
Mounts ?
  • Read-only /, /usr, /opt (default ostree backend with composefs enabled in prepare-root.conf, as the docs strongly recommend, which makes the whole of / read-only; fs-verity is off by default on this backend, so file contents are not checked at runtime; the separate native composefs backend turns fs-verity on by default)
  • Writable, reset on reboot Not found in the documentation we read. Know the answer?
  • Writable, persistent /etc (three-way merge on upgrade), /var
  • Configurable Opt in to a transient root or a transient /etc in prepare-root.conf. Make /var or its subdirectories separate mounts. Mount other filesystems with /etc/fstab or mount units.
Documented, evidence[8,9,10]
Adding software to the OS ?
  • Derive the imageA Containerfile that starts from a bootc base image. Package installs run at build time with the tools of that base distribution. The docs say systemd-sysext is not currently supported on bootc hosts, and bootc usroverlay gives only a transient writable /usr.[36,37]
Documented, evidence
Update signature check ?
PossibleOptional.[9] With a signature policy in /etc/containers/policy.json, bootc checks image signatures when it fetches an update.[9] The upstream default policy does not require signatures.[9]Documented, evidence
Boot trust chain ?
Level 3: Running root coveredOptional.[10] With Sealed UKI (the composefs backend, with the root digest in a UKI signed for Secure Boot), trust reaches the running root (level 3).[10] The default ostree backend does not document Secure Boot. It boots through GRUB and shim, which bootupd installs.[38] How the root is covered: composefs root digest (fs-verity) inside a signed UKI (sealed UKI). Measured boot for the sealed path is not documented.Documented, evidence
Automatic rollback ?
Backend dependentNo row-level source. Sources for the Rollback and recovery sectionDocumented, evidence
Fleet upgrade paths ?
  • Kubernetes operator: bootc-operator open source, Apache-2.0, reconciled in place, pre-release[39]
  • Fleet server: Flight Control open source, Apache-2.0, reconciled in place[40]
On its own: The bootc-fetch-apply-updates timer is available upstream for operating systems and distributions to enable. The upstream unit runs 1 hour after boot and then every 8 hours, with up to 2 hours of random delay.[41,42]Documented, evidence
Kubernetes ?
Not bundledDocumented through images built with it (MicroShift on RHEL image mode). Documented ways to run Kubernetes: MicroShift, on image mode for RHEL (documented by Red Hat). How each is offered: MicroShift, build optionDocumented, evidence[43]
Node access ?
Depends on the imageNo row-level source. Sources for the Operations and debugging sectionDocumented, evidence
Cluster API ?
Does not applyNo row-level source. Sources for the Fleet management sectionDocumented, evidence
AI accelerators ?
  • NVIDIA GPU: NVIDIA CUDA amd64, arm64; vendor image or package; Secure Boot not documented; GPU Operator not documented[44,45]
  • AMD: AMD ROCm amd64, arm64; vendor image or package; Secure Boot not documented[44]
  • Intel: Intel Gaudi 3 amd64, arm64; vendor image or package; Secure Boot not documented[44]
  • Other accelerators: via your base distribution the drivers your chosen base distribution provides, installed when you build the image. Not documented per accelerator by bootc.[46]
Documented, evidence
Architectures ?
Ships no OS image
  • amd64 via your base distribution own components built for it: bootc, system-reinstall-bootc
  • arm64 via your base distribution own components built for it: bootc, system-reinstall-bootc
  • ppc64le via your base distribution own components built for it: bootc, system-reinstall-bootc
  • s390x via your base distribution own components built for it: bootc, system-reinstall-bootc
Documented, evidence[47,48]
Self-hostable update source ?
YesAny OCI registry; there is no update serverNo row-level source. Sources for the Upgrade sectionDocumented, evidence
Who holds the assets ?
Foundation-heldCNCF, SandboxNo row-level source. Sources for the Governance sectionDocumented, evidence
Support model ?
None publishedCommercial support: through downstream products onlyNo row-level source. Sources for the Maturity sectionDocumented, evidence
What names the OS version
Named by image digest reported in host status (imageDigest). Condition: No client-side package layering.Inclusion criterion 1: atomic updates (versioned OS).Documented, evidence[269,270]
Maintainers
All six listed maintainers work for Red Hat.Documented, evidence[271]

Sources for this section

Rows here, and guide text, marked "No row-level source" rest on these lists. Each list backs its dimension as a whole, not one row.

Customization [272]

Provisioning [273,274]

Rollback and recovery [275,276]

Operations and debugging [277,278]

Fleet management [279,280,281,282,283,284,285]

Upgrade [277,279,286]

Governance [271,287,288,5]

Maturity [289,290,291,292]

OS model [293,5]

OS artifact [294,295,290]

Kubernetes relationship [43,291,293,285,296]

Every value as the matrix records it, with its evidence label and sources. For open bugs and advisories, see the project's own issue tracker.
distribution, platform-os

Bottlerocket

Amazon (AWS) project

v1.65.0 · collected 15 Sep 2026
Entry ?
Bottlerocketv1.65.0 · 9 Sep 2026distributionplatform-osNewer releaseNewer release since collection: v1.66.0 (checked 2026-10-19). Not yet re-validated.
Who owns the artifact ?
  • Vendor image
  • You build it (framework)
No row-level source. Sources for the Customization sectionDocumented, evidence
Bring your own distro ?
No, ships its own baseInferred, evidence[49]
Day-0 paths ?
  • Cloud image
  • VM image
  • Disk image
Config: toml-user-data-via-early-boot-configNo row-level source. Sources for the Provisioning sectionDocumented, evidence
Configuration tool ?
  • TOML settings (early-boot-config and the API) (Apache-2.0 OR MIT) Earliest: before services (before kubelet); Latest: running node; Repeat: once, every boot, on demand (API or CLI); Scope: any command
In userspace, user data can run apiclient ephemeral-storage init through settings.bootstrap-commands, which sets up devices as a RAID array and formats them; TPM2 data encryption is a build feature (INFERRED). After first boot: apiclient set, at any time. User data is read once. Stored settings are rendered again at every boot. Bootstrap containers run once or at every boot.Documented, evidence[50,51,52,53,54,55]
Update unit ?
Whole OS imageMechanism: A/B partition switch.Documented, evidence[16]
Mounts ?
  • Read-only / (dm-verity device)
  • Writable, reset on reboot /etc, /run (tmpfs)
  • Writable, persistent /local, /var, /opt
  • Configurable Only to add storage: a bootstrap container can mount extra disks under /mnt, a bind mount of /local/mnt. No setting found changes the read-only or ephemeral set.
Documented, evidence[2,297]
Adding software to the OS ?
  • Build-time onlySoftware is added when the image is built. An adopter defines a custom variant out of tree with Twoliter. The design document says software cannot be installed after the image is created.[56,57]
Documented, evidence
Update signature check ?
PossibleOn by default.[58] An update downloads only through the TUF repository, whose metadata files are each signed.[58]Documented, evidence
Boot trust chain ?
Level 3: Running root coveredOn by default, on new variants on UEFI platforms, when the firmware enforces Secure Boot. Not on legacy BIOS or Xen instances.[59] Trust reaches the running root (level 3).[60,61] How the root is covered: dm-verity root hash inside a signed boot artifact (signed GRUB config). Firmware measures PCR 4 and 7, and Bottlerocket services extend PCR 8, 9 and 11 after boot.Documented, evidence
Automatic rollback ?
YesAttempts: GPT tries-remaining field, one attempt after upgrade-to-inactiveNo row-level source. Sources for the Rollback and recovery sectionDocumented, evidence
Fleet upgrade paths ?
  • Kubernetes operator: brupop (Bottlerocket update operator) open source, Apache-2.0 OR MIT, reconciled in place, maintained[62,63]
  • Fleet server: Bottlerocket ECS updater open source, Apache-2.0 OR MIT, reconciled in place[64]
  • Managed node service: EKS managed node groups and Karpenter managed service, reconciled by replacement[65]
On its own: No update agent is documented as a default. The README offers the operator, the ECS updater or an apiclient update apply.Documented, evidence
Kubernetes ?
Optional, bundledDocumented ways to run Kubernetes: EKS; self-hosted Kubernetes; Karpenter-managedNo row-level source. Sources for the Kubernetes relationship sectionDocumented, evidence
Node access ?
  • API
  • Shell through an optional admin container
No row-level source. Sources for the Operations and debugging sectionDocumented, evidence
Cluster API ?
None documentedNo row-level source. Sources for the Fleet management sectionDocumented, evidence
AI accelerators ?
  • NVIDIA GPU: NVIDIA GPU, open and proprietary driver amd64, arm64; vendor image or package; unsigned modules; GPU Operator with host driver and toolkit[66,67]
  • AWS Neuron: AWS Inferentia and Trainium amd64; vendor image or package; Secure Boot not documented[68]
Documented, evidence
Architectures ?
  • amd64
  • arm64
No row-level source. Sources for the Hardware and platform sectionDocumented, evidence
Self-hostable update source ?
YesA mirrored or self-hosted TUF repositoryNo row-level source. Sources for the Upgrade sectionDocumented, evidence
Who holds the assets ?
Single vendorAmazon.com, Inc. or its affiliatesNo row-level source. Sources for the Governance sectionDocumented, evidence
Support model ?
Versioned, with end of lifeCommercial support: availableNo row-level source. Sources for the Maturity sectionDocumented, evidence
What names the OS version
Named by VARIANT_ID plus VERSION_ID (plus BUILD_ID) in os-release. No condition.Inclusion criterion 1: atomic updates (versioned OS).Documented, evidence[298]
Maintainers
Single vendor.Documented, evidence[299]

Sources for this section

Rows here, and guide text, marked "No row-level source" rest on these lists. Each list backs its dimension as a whole, not one row.

Customization [298,300,301,302,303,304]

Provisioning [305,306,307]

Rollback and recovery [16,307,308,309]

Kubernetes relationship [49,63,310,311,312,313,314,315]

Operations and debugging [307,298,316,309]

Fleet management [317,64,318,310,282,319,320,321]

Hardware and platform [304,307,322]

Upgrade [307,317,323,298]

Governance [324,299,325,326]

Maturity [298,326,327,328]

Every value as the matrix records it, with its evidence label and sources. For open bugs and advisories, see the project's own issue tracker.
platform-os

Container-Optimized OS

Google project

cos-129-19506-448-36 · collected 15 Sep 2026
Entry ?
Container-Optimized OScos-129-19506-448-36 · 17 Sep 2026platform-osGoogle Cloud onlyNewer releaseNewer build since collection; milestone 133 is now also LTS.
Who owns the artifact ?
  • Vendor image
No row-level source. Sources for the Customization sectionDocumented, evidence
Bring your own distro ?
No, ships its own baseInferred, evidence[69]
Day-0 paths ?
  • Cloud image
Config: cloud-init through instance metadataNo row-level source. Sources for the Provisioning sectionDocumented, evidence
Configuration tool ?
  • cloud-init (instance metadata) and startup scripts (GPL-3.0 OR Apache-2.0) Earliest: unknown; Latest: every boot; Repeat: every boot; Scope: any command
Fixed boot disk; extra disks through bootcmd in userspace; encryption is not documented in the COS docs. After first boot: Edit the metadata, applied on the next boot (INFERRED). Earliest is unknown: no doc names the boot stage where cloud-init runs.Documented, evidence[70,71,17,72]
Update unit ?
In place: Whole OS image; GKE: Whole node (reimaged or replaced)Mechanism: A/B partition switch, Replace the instance.Documented, evidence[18,19]
Mounts ?
  • Read-only / (root filesystem mounted read-only, checked by the kernel at boot)
  • Writable, reset on reboot /etc, /tmp, /var/lib/cloud, /mnt/disks (tmpfs)
  • Writable, persistent /home, /var, /var/lib/docker, /var/lib/toolbox, /var/lib/google, /mnt/stateful_partition
  • Configurable Only to add storage: mount persistent disks in a subdirectory of /mnt/disks, from cloud-config bootcmd. /etc/fstab does not work because /etc is stateless.
Documented, evidence[17]
Adding software to the OS ?
  • Vendor extensionsThe cos-extensions utility installs the NVIDIA GPU driver (cos-extensions install gpu). The page read documents it for the GPU driver only. The docs also state that COS has no package manager, so packages cannot be installed directly on an instance.[73,74]
  • Derive the imageCOS Customizer creates a customized COS image from a COS VM. The GitHub repository is archived and points to cos.googlesource.com.[75,76]
Documented, evidence
Update signature check ?
PossibleUpdate signing key.[18] Whether it is on by default is not recorded. The auto-update page says the update payloads are signed and validated with keys. It does not describe the verification scheme or say where the keys are held.Inferred, evidence
Boot trust chain ?
Level 2: Measured bootProvided by the platform. Each boot stage is measured into the TPM (level 2, measured boot).[77,78] Whether the platform turns it on by default is not recorded. Shielded VM provides a vTPM, integrity monitoring and Secure Boot. The kernel checks a build-time root checksum on each boot, but no source shows that the hash sits in a signed artifact.Documented, evidence
Automatic rollback ?
Not found in the documentation we read. Know the answer?Unknown, evidence
Fleet upgrade paths ?
  • Managed node service: GKE node auto-upgrade managed service, reconciled by replacement[79]
On its own: In milestone 117 and later, the automatic updates feature is disabled by default.Documented, evidence
Kubernetes ?
Optional, not bundledDocumented ways to run Kubernetes: the vendor's managed KubernetesNo row-level source. Sources for the Kubernetes relationship sectionDocumented, evidence
Node access ?
  • SSH and shell
No row-level source. Sources for the Operations and debugging sectionDocumented, evidence
Cluster API ?
None documentedNo row-level source. Sources for the Fleet management sectionDocumented, evidence
AI accelerators ?
  • NVIDIA GPU: NVIDIA GPU, proprietary driver, LTS milestone 85 or later amd64; signed driver from the project; signed modules; GPU Operator with the host driver[74,80,81]
  • Google TPU: TPU through GKE inferred[82]
Documented, evidence
Architectures ?
  • amd64
  • arm64
No row-level source. Sources for the Hardware and platform sectionDocumented, evidence
Self-hostable update source ?
Not found in the documentation we read. Know the answer?Unknown, evidence
Who holds the assets ?
Single vendorGoogleNo row-level source. Sources for the Governance sectionDocumented, evidence
Support model ?
LTS streamCommercial support: availableNo row-level source. Sources for the Maturity sectionDocumented, evidence
What names the OS version
Named by milestone (VERSION_ID) plus build number (BUILD_ID), for example 12871.1160.0. No condition.Inclusion criterion 1: atomic updates (versioned OS).Documented, evidence[329]
Maintainers
Single vendor.Documented, evidence[69]

Sources for this section

Rows here, and guide text, marked "No row-level source" rest on these lists. Each list backs its dimension as a whole, not one row.

Customization [74,330,331,332,73,333]

Provisioning [72,17,334]

Kubernetes relationship [335,336,337,338]

Operations and debugging [339,331,340]

Fleet management [341,342,18,282,343,344]

Hardware and platform [345,346,347]

Governance [69,348,349]

Maturity [350,351,346,352]

OS model [69,73,353]

Rollback and recovery [354]

Every value as the matrix records it, with its evidence label and sources. For open bugs and advisories, see the project's own issue tracker.
distribution, framework

Elemental

SUSE (Rancher) SUSEmain sponsor

elemental-operator v1.9.2; elemental-toolkit v2.3.4; Elemental OS (Elemental Linux) v2.3.1 · collected 14 Oct 2026
Entry ?
Elementalelemental-operator v1.9.2; elemental-toolkit v2.3.4; Elemental OS (Elemental Linux) v2.3.1 · 18 Jun 2026distributionframework
Who owns the artifact ?
  • Vendor image
  • Vendor base, you derive
  • You build it (framework)
No row-level source. Sources for the Customization sectionDocumented, evidence
Bring your own distro ?
YesThe toolkit builds an OS image from a base container image the adopter picks. One of its examples starts from Ubuntu 24.04.Documented, evidence[144]
Day-0 paths ?
  • ISO
  • Disk image
  • PXE
Config: MachineRegistration resource and cloud-configNo row-level source. Sources for the Provisioning sectionDocumented, evidence
Configuration tool ?
  • MachineRegistration cloud-config (cloud-init and yip syntax) (Apache-2.0) Earliest: initramfs; Latest: running node; Repeat: every boot, reconcile (the node re-applies on its own); Scope: any command
install.device or install.device-selector, partition sizes through a config.yaml, snapshotter type and maxSnaps. After first boot: Edit the MachineRegistration labels and annotations (nodes re-register every 30 minutes), or reset the machine to re-apply the cloud-config.Documented, evidence[145,146,147,148]
Update unit ?
Whole OS imageNote: The root image is replaced. The COS_PERSISTENT and COS_OEM partitions are not.Mechanism: A/B partition switch, Transactional snapshot.Documented, evidence[149]
Mounts ?
  • Read-only /, /usr (the root image or btrfs snapshot is mounted read-only in the initramfs (sysroot mount with Options=ro))
  • Writable, reset on reboot /etc, /srv, /var (overlayfs on tmpfs. The toolkit default layout file sets size 25%, but that file is in the cloud-config-defaults feature, which the Elemental OS image build does not initialize (see notes))
  • Writable, persistent /etc/cni (overlay), /etc/iscsi (overlay), /etc/rancher (overlay), /etc/ssh (overlay), /etc/systemd (overlay), /home, /opt, /root, /usr/libexec, /var/lib/cni (overlay), /var/lib/kubelet (overlay), /var/lib/rancher (overlay), /var/lib/elemental (overlay), /var/lib/NetworkManager (overlay), /var/lib/calico (overlay), /var/log (overlay), /oem (COS_OEM partition), /usr/local (COS_PERSISTENT partition)
  • Configurable The writable and persistent paths are set in an immutable-layout cloud-config (RW_PATHS and PERSISTENT_STATE_PATHS), which a derivative or an OEM file can override. Immutability can be switched off at boot parameter rd.cos.debugrw, active and passive only, documented for debugging.
Documented, evidence[355,356,357,358]
Adding software to the OS ?
  • Derive the imageWrite a Dockerfile FROM the SL Micro base OS container, run zypper or rpm in it, set IMAGE in /etc/os-release, re-run elemental init, push the image. The new image is then listed as a ManagedOSVersion.[150]
  • Transactional packagesA cloud-config with after-upgrade-chroot, after-install-chroot and after-reset-chroot commands, for example zypper in or rpm -iv, runs in the new snapshot each time. The package is reinstalled on every upgrade.[151,152]
Documented, evidence
Update signature check ?
UnknownAn optional cosign flag exists on the upgrade command. It is off by default and the fleet upgrade job does not set it. The profile does not establish that the SUSE images carry signatures. Layer digests are still checked when the image is pulled.No row-level source. Sources for the Upgrade sectionInferred, evidence
Boot trust chain ?
Not collected
Automatic rollback ?
YesAttempts: one step per boot attempt through the active entry and the passive snapshotsNo row-level source. Sources for the Rollback and recovery sectionDocumented, evidence
Fleet upgrade paths ?
  • Fleet server: Elemental operator ManagedOSImage open source, Apache-2.0, reconciled in place[153,154]
  • Reboot coordination: System Upgrade Controller plan with cordon and drain open source, Apache-2.0[155,149]
On its own: Not applicable. A node upgrades when a ManagedOSImage targets it or when elemental upgrade is run on it.Documented, evidence
Kubernetes ?
Optional, installed separatelyDocumented ways to run Kubernetes: RKE2; K3s. How each is offered: RKE2, add-on; k3s, add-onDocumented, evidence[156]
Node access ?
  • SSH and shell
No row-level source. Sources for the Operations and debugging sectionDocumented, evidence
Cluster API ?
None documentedNo row-level source. Sources for the Fleet management sectionDocumented, evidence
AI accelerators ?
None documentedNo row-level source. Sources for the Hardware and platform sectionInferred, evidence
Architectures ?
  • amd64
No row-level source. Sources for the Hardware and platform sectionDocumented, evidence
Self-hostable update source ?
YesA private OCI registry and a channel image you build (airgap script)No row-level source. Sources for the Upgrade sectionDocumented, evidence
Who holds the assets ?
Single vendorVendor: SUSENo row-level source. Sources for the Governance sectionDocumented, evidence
Support model ?
UnknownCommercial support: available from SUSE, as SUSE Rancher Prime: OS Manager (part of Rancher Prime)No row-level source. Sources for the Maturity sectionDocumented, evidence
What names the OS version
Named by IMAGE, IMAGE_REPO and IMAGE_TAG in /etc/os-release of the OS image. elemental state records the source for each snapshot, and a digest only if the source is an image. The fleet job upgrades from dir:/, and the toolkit sets a digest only for an image source, so a snapshot made that way records none. Condition: Rancher Manager v2.14 or later, because operator 1.9.x must be paired with it. No cloud-config hooks that install packages in the new snapshot. The docs show after-upgrade-chroot hooks and rpm installs that run on every upgrade and change the snapshot contents.Inclusion criterion 1: atomic updates (versioned OS).Documented, evidence[150,359,152,360,361]
Maintainers
Maintainer affiliation not published. CODEOWNERS names one team, @rancher/elemental. Most commits carry suse.com addresses.Documented, evidence[362]

Sources for this section

Rows here, and guide text, marked "No row-level source" rest on these lists. Each list backs its dimension as a whole, not one row.

Customization [150,363,364]

Provisioning [365,366,367,355,368]

Upgrade [369,360,359,361,370,371]

Rollback and recovery [372,145,373,374,375,376,377,378,379,380,381,382,383,384]

Operations and debugging [385,386,387,145]

Fleet management [388,389,153,390,391,392]

Hardware and platform [393,368,394,395]

Governance [396,397,362,398]

Maturity [399,400,389,401,398,402]

Every value as the matrix records it, with its evidence label and sources. For open bugs and advisories, see the project's own issue tracker.
distribution

EVE-OS

LF Edge project ZEDEDAmain sponsor

17.0.0-lts · collected 5 Oct 2026
Entry ?
EVE-OS17.0.0-lts · 27 Jul 2026distribution
Who owns the artifact ?
  • Vendor image
No row-level source. Sources for the Customization sectionDocumented, evidence
Bring your own distro ?
UnknownUnknown, evidence
Day-0 paths ?
  • Disk image
  • ISO
  • PXE
Config: bootstrap-config.pbNo row-level source. Sources for the Provisioning sectionDocumented, evidence
Configuration tool ?
  • Installer grub options, bootstrap-config.pb and controller EdgeDevConfig (Apache-2.0) Earliest: installer; Latest: running node; Repeat: once, reconcile (the node re-applies on its own); Scope: settings only
The installer chooses disks, can wipe them and set ZFS RAID; /persist/vault encryption is automatic (fscrypt or ZFS, TPM-sealed) and not configurable. After first boot: Through the controller only. Once is the bootstrap config. Reconcile is the periodic fetch of the controller config. Settings only: bootstrap config is limited to connectivity attributes, and no host command mechanism was found.Documented, evidence[83,84,85,86]
Update unit ?
Whole OS imageMechanism: A/B partition switch.Documented, evidence[87]
Mounts ?
  • Read-only IMGA and IMGB root filesystem images (squashfs by default); CONFIG partition, from the point of view of EVE; EFI System partition, in practice (ext4 optional at build; EVE overlays a tmpfs layer at boot)
  • Writable, reset on reboot Not found in the documentation we read. Know the answer?
  • Writable, persistent persist partition (P3), holding application volumes and the encrypted vault
  • Configurable Not configurable. Install options choose the disk for persistent data (eve_persist_disk) and its ZFS RAID level. No option found changes which paths are persistent. (inferred)
Documented, evidence[403,404,405,406]
Adding software to the OS ?
  • Build-time onlyHost software enters through a custom build of the EVE image or its packages. The root filesystem copies are read-only. Applications run as Edge Containers.Inferred from: CUSTOM-BUILD.md documents a build path only, and README.md calls the root filesystem read-only. No page read describes adding host software after install, and none states it is impossible.[88,89]
Inferred, evidence
Update signature check ?
Digest onlyA sha256 digest in the controller configuration; no signature documented. Whether it is on by default is not recorded.No row-level source. Sources for the Upgrade sectionInferred, evidence
Boot trust chain ?
Level 2: Measured bootOn by default. Each boot stage is measured into the TPM (level 2, measured boot).[90,91] Measured boot with remote attestation. GRUB measures the root filesystem into PCR 13 at boot, and the vault key is sealed to PCR 0 to 4 and 6 to 14 by default. Needs a TPM. Secure Boot is not documented.Documented, evidence
Automatic rollback ?
YesAttempts: the device remembers a failed version and refuses to retry it while the controller keeps requesting itNo row-level source. Sources for the Rollback and recovery sectionDocumented, evidence
Fleet upgrade paths ?
  • Fleet server: Adam open source, Apache-2.0, reconciled in place[92,93]
  • Fleet server: ZEDEDA Cloud managed service, proprietary, reconciled in place[94]
On its own: The OS polls its controller. It has no schedule of its own.Inferred, evidence
Kubernetes ?
Optional, bundled in some imagesHV=k (EVE-k) flavor bundles k3s. Documented ways to run Kubernetes: k3s. How each is offered: k3s, in the imageDocumented, evidence[95,96]
Node access ?
  • Fleet server or controller
No SSH in production builds. Adam (open source) or ZEDEDA CloudNo row-level source. Sources for the Operations and debugging sectionDocumented, evidence
Cluster API ?
None documentedNo row-level source. Sources for the Fleet management sectionDocumented, evidence
AI accelerators ?
  • NVIDIA Jetson: Jetson Xavier, Orin and Thor platform build; Secure Boot not documented; GPU Operator not documented[97]
Documented, evidence
Architectures ?
  • amd64
  • arm64
Tooling only: riscv64 (listed in ZARCH and README, hypervisor mini; no riscv64 artifact in the 17.0.0-lts release)No row-level source. Sources for the Hardware and platform sectionDocumented, evidence
Self-hostable update source ?
YesYour own controller (Adam) and datastoreNo row-level source. Sources for the Upgrade sectionDocumented, evidence
Who holds the assets ?
Foundation-heldLF Edge (Linux Foundation), Impact StageNo row-level source. Sources for the Governance sectionDocumented, evidence
Support model ?
LTS streamCommercial support: availableNo row-level source. Sources for the Maturity sectionDocumented, evidence
What names the OS version
Named by release string in /etc/eve-release, for example 8.10.0-kvm-amd64. No condition for official release builds.Inclusion criterion 1: atomic updates (versioned OS).Documented, evidence[407,408]
Maintainers
Four of six maintainers use a ZEDEDA email address.Documented, evidence[409]

Sources for this section

Rows here, and guide text, marked "No row-level source" rest on these lists. Each list backs its dimension as a whole, not one row.

Customization [410,411,408,412]

Provisioning [413,84,414,415,416]

Upgrade [87,417,418,419,420,421,96]

Rollback and recovery [87,411,96]

Operations and debugging [422,421,423,424]

Fleet management [420,416,411,409]

Hardware and platform [95,425,408,426]

Governance [427,428,429,409,430]

Maturity [431,432,425,95,416]

Every value as the matrix records it, with its evidence label and sources. For open bugs and advisories, see the project's own issue tracker.
distribution

Fedora CoreOS

Fedora community Red Hatmain sponsor

44.20260829.3.1 · collected 15 Sep 2026
Entry ?
Fedora CoreOS44.20260829.3.1 · 15 Sep 2026distributionNewer releaseNewer release since collection: 44.20260928.3.1 (checked 2026-10-19). Not yet re-validated.
Who owns the artifact ?
  • Vendor image
No row-level source. Sources for the Customization sectionDocumented, evidence
Bring your own distro ?
No, ships its own baseInferred, evidence[98]
Day-0 paths ?
  • ISO
  • PXE
  • Cloud image
  • Disk image
Config: IgnitionNo row-level source. Sources for the Provisioning sectionDocumented, evidence
Configuration tool ?
  • Ignition (written as Butane) (Apache-2.0) Earliest: initramfs; Latest: first boot; Repeat: once; Scope: files and units
Partitions, RAID, filesystems and LUKS with Clevis TPM2 or Tang, including the root. After first boot: Reprovision. A live ISO or PXE boot runs Ignition on every boot.Documented, evidence[99,100,101,102,103]
Update unit ?
OS tree, /etc mergedMechanism: OSTree deployment.Documented, evidence[104,105]
Mounts ?
  • Read-only /, /usr, /boot (OSTree-managed, with / mounted through composefs since Fedora 41, which makes it a truly read-only filesystem; file contents are not verified at runtime: the Fedora change calls composefs the first step toward runtime verification)
  • Writable, reset on reboot Not found in the documentation we read. Know the answer?
  • Writable, persistent /etc, /var
  • Configurable Only to add storage: mount a separate partition, disk or network filesystem at /var or a subdirectory of it, with a Butane config and Ignition. The writable set stays /etc and /var.
Documented, evidence[6,7]
Adding software to the OS ?
  • Package layeringrpm-ostree install, run from a systemd unit that Butane writes. The change goes into a new deployment and needs a reboot. The docs prefer containers, and the FAQ strongly discourages layering.[106,107]
  • Derive the imageFedora CoreOS is an OCI image that can be the base for bootable derivative containers. The docs send heavy customization to Fedora bootc.[108,107]
Documented, evidence
Update signature check ?
PossibleOn by default.[109] The shipped policy requires a GPG signature on the OS update image, and rpm-ostree applies it to that image only.[110]Documented, evidence
Boot trust chain ?
Level 1: Secure BootProvided by the platform. The firmware checks the first boot component (level 1, Secure Boot).[111] Whether the platform turns it on by default is not recorded. Secure Boot through the signed shim, when the firmware enforces it. Binding a disk key to PCR 7 is opt-in. No measured-boot chain is documented.Documented, evidence
Automatic rollback ?
NoNo row-level source. Sources for the Rollback and recovery sectionDocumented, evidence
Fleet upgrade paths ?
  • Fleet server: Cincinnati update graph open source, Apache-2.0, reconciled in place[114]
  • Reboot coordination: FleetLock (Zincati) with airlock open source, Apache-2.0[115,116]
  • Reboot coordination: FleetLock (Zincati) with poseidon/fleetlock open source, MIT[117]
On its own: By default, the OS performs continual auto-updates. Also: Kubernetes operator: OKD Machine Config Operator (open source, Apache-2.0, no longer for Fedora CoreOS: OKD moved to CentOS Stream CoreOS in 4.16 (December 2024))[112,113].Documented, evidence
Kubernetes ?
Optional, not bundledNo row-level source. Sources for the Kubernetes relationship sectionDocumented, evidence
Node access ?
  • SSH and shell
No row-level source. Sources for the Operations and debugging sectionDocumented, evidence
Cluster API ?
Through kubeadm, reported to failFirst boot reported to fail. Ignition path alpha, behind a feature gateNo row-level source. Sources for the Fleet management sectionDocumented, evidence
AI accelerators ?
  • NVIDIA GPU: NVIDIA GPU, DKMS open modules layered package; breaks Secure Boot; GPU Operator not documented; unsupported, work in progress[118,119]
Documented, evidence
Architectures ?
  • amd64
  • arm64
  • ppc64le
  • s390x
No row-level source. Sources for the Hardware and platform sectionDocumented, evidence
Self-hostable update source ?
YesYour own Cincinnati update graph serverNo row-level source. Sources for the Upgrade sectionDocumented, evidence
Who holds the assets ?
Community project, sponsor holds the trademarkSponsor: Red HatNo row-level source. Sources for the Governance sectionDocumented, evidence
Support model ?
Rolling, no LTSCommercial support: unknownNo row-level source. Sources for the Maturity sectionDocumented, evidence
What names the OS version
Named by release version, for example 44.20260829.3.1. Condition: No package layering or overrides.Inclusion criterion 1: atomic updates (versioned OS).Documented, evidence[433,434,435]
Maintainers
Maintainer affiliation is not published.Documented, evidence[436,437]

Sources for this section

Rows here, and guide text, marked "No row-level source" rest on these lists. Each list backs its dimension as a whole, not one row.

Customization [106,107,438,439,440,441,442]

Provisioning [443,444,445,446]

Rollback and recovery [447,448,449,450]

Kubernetes relationship [107,451,452,453]

Operations and debugging [454,455,107,456,457]

Fleet management [458,459,450,116,282,460,461,462,463,464]

Hardware and platform [465,466,467,6,468]

Upgrade [469,470,471,114,472]

Governance [473,436,437,474]

Maturity [475,476,466,477,107]

OS model [478,479,98]

OS artifact [480,481,465,482]

Every value as the matrix records it, with its evidence label and sources. For open bugs and advisories, see the project's own issue tracker.
distribution

Flatcar Container Linux

CNCF Incubating project Microsoftmain sponsor

4757.2.0 · collected 15 Sep 2026
Entry ?
Flatcar Container Linux4757.2.0 · 14 Sep 2026distributionNewer releaseNewer release since collection: 4757.2.1 (checked 2026-10-19). Not yet re-validated.
Who owns the artifact ?
  • Vendor image
  • Vendor base, you derive
No row-level source. Sources for the Customization sectionDocumented, evidence
Bring your own distro ?
No, ships its own baseInferred, evidence[120]
Day-0 paths ?
  • ISO
  • PXE
  • Cloud image
  • Disk image
Config: ignitionNo row-level source. Sources for the Provisioning sectionDocumented, evidence
Configuration tool ?
  • Ignition (Apache-2.0) Earliest: initramfs; Latest: first boot; Repeat: once, on demand (API or CLI); Scope: files and units
  • coreos-cloudinit (legacy, not Canonical cloud-init) (Apache-2.0) Earliest: userspace boot; Latest: every boot; Repeat: every boot; Scope: any command
Partitions, filesystems and LUKS with Clevis or systemd-cryptenroll; TPM2 root encryption from 3913.0.1. After first boot: flatcar-reset.Documented, evidence[121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128]
Update unit ?
/usr onlyNote: The update also copies that slot's kernel to the EFI partition.Mechanism: A/B partition switch.Documented, evidence[1,129]
Mounts ?
  • Read-only /usr (separate partition, protected by dm-verity)
  • Writable, reset on reboot Not found in the documentation we read. Know the answer?
  • Writable, persistent /, /etc, /opt, /var
  • Configurable Only to add storage: format and attach additional filesystems with a Butane config and systemd mount units, for example at /var/lib/docker. The read-only /usr is fixed.
Documented, evidence[1,483]
Adding software to the OS ?
  • systemd-sysextSysext images merge over /usr. Flatcar ships some in the image or its release servers. The sysext-bakery releases community ones.[130]
  • Derive the imageMount the partitions of a Flatcar image before the first boot and add files to the boot, OEM or root partition. The /usr partition cannot be modified.[131]
Documented, evidence
Update signature check ?
PossibleOn by default.[132] Update images are checked against the update signing key before they are installed.[132]Documented, evidence
Boot trust chain ?
Level 3: Running root coveredOptional.[133] With Secure Boot and an enrolled key (Secure Boot signatures are documented for alpha channel images, in a maintainer comment of 23 June 2025), trust reaches the running root (level 3).[134,135] For the default install, the boot trust level is not established. That comment covers alpha channel images only, and says their shim is not signed by the Microsoft third-party UEFI CA.[133] How the root is covered: dm-verity root hash inside a signed boot artifact (signed kernel). The /usr root hash is written into the kernel before it is signed. Caveat from the code: GRUB always reads an unsigned OEM grub.cfg that can add kernel arguments, so the code does not show that /usr verity cannot be bypassed.Inferred, evidence
Automatic rollback ?
YesAttempts: GPT tries attributeNo row-level source. Sources for the Rollback and recovery sectionDocumented, evidence
Fleet upgrade paths ?
  • Fleet server: Nebraska open source, Apache-2.0, reconciled in place[136]
  • Cluster API: Cluster API providers for Flatcar open source, Apache-2.0, reconciled by replacement[137]
  • Reboot coordination: FLUO (Flatcar Linux Update Operator) open source, Apache-2.0[138,139]
  • Reboot coordination: kured open source, Apache-2.0[140]
  • Reboot coordination: locksmith open source, Apache-2.0[139]
On its own: Each machine should check in about 10 minutes after boot and roughly every hour after that.Documented, evidence
Kubernetes ?
Optional, not bundledDocumented ways to run Kubernetes: kubeadm; Cluster API; Kubespray; Typhoon; k3s (via Sysext Bakery). How each is offered: k3s, add-on; Upstream Kubernetes, add-onDocumented, evidence[141,142]
Node access ?
  • SSH and shell
No row-level source. Sources for the Operations and debugging sectionDocumented, evidence
Cluster API ?
Through kubeadmIgnition path alpha, behind a feature gateNo row-level source. Sources for the Fleet management sectionDocumented, evidence
AI accelerators ?
  • NVIDIA GPU: NVIDIA GPU, open and non-open drivers amd64; signed driver from the project; signed modules; GPU Operator with host driver and toolkit[143]
Documented, evidence
Architectures ?
  • amd64
  • arm64
No row-level source. Sources for the Hardware and platform sectionDocumented, evidence
Self-hostable update source ?
YesYour own Nebraska update serverNo row-level source. Sources for the Upgrade sectionDocumented, evidence
Who holds the assets ?
Foundation-heldCNCF, IncubatingNo row-level source. Sources for the Governance sectionDocumented, evidence
Support model ?
LTS streamCommercial support: unknownNo row-level source. Sources for the Maturity sectionDocumented, evidence
What names the OS version
Named by FLATCAR_VERSION in os-release, for example 4757.2.1. Condition: No system extensions beyond the default set, no default ones disabled, and no writable module overlay.Inclusion criterion 1: atomic updates (versioned OS).Documented, evidence[484]
Maintainers
Nine of sixteen maintainers list Microsoft.Inferred, evidence[485]

Sources for this section

Rows here, and guide text, marked "No row-level source" rest on these lists. Each list backs its dimension as a whole, not one row.

Customization [130,486,143,487,120,488]

Provisioning [489,490,131]

Rollback and recovery [491,1,492]

Operations and debugging [493,494,495,496]

Fleet management [136,497,498,499,20,500,250,501,461,502,503,504]

Hardware and platform [505,506,507,508]

Upgrade [509,1,497,132]

Governance [485,510,511,512,513,514,515]

Maturity [516,505,517,518,501]

Kubernetes relationship [142,138,519,509]

Every value as the matrix records it, with its evidence label and sources. For open bugs and advisories, see the project's own issue tracker.
framework, distribution

Kairos

CNCF Sandbox project Spectro Cloudmain sponsor

v4.3.0 · collected 15 Sep 2026
Entry ?
Kairosv4.3.0 · 8 Sep 2026Default base: Hadron Linux v0.5.1. Values that come from it carry the label "Hadron", as in the matrix row. It has its own data sheet.frameworkdistributionHadron: default base, v0.5.1
Who owns the artifact ?
  • You build it (framework)
  • Vendor base, you derive
  • Vendor image
No row-level source. Sources for the Customization sectionDocumented, evidence
Bring your own distro ?
Yes7 bases advertised. Released OS images: Hadron only.Documented, evidence[4]
Day-0 paths ?
  • Installer
  • ISO
  • PXE
  • Cloud image
  • Disk image
  • MAAS
Config: yipNo row-level source. Sources for the Provisioning sectionDocumented, evidence
Configuration tool ?
  • yip (cloud-config stages) (Apache-2.0) Earliest: initramfs; Latest: running node; Repeat: every boot, reconcile (the node re-applies on its own); Scope: any command
The layout module partitions and formats in any stage; it is documented in the boot stage and at kairos-install.pre.before. From a raw image, the first boot enters recovery mode and creates COS_STATE and COS_PERSISTENT. LUKS with TPM or KMS is set at install and covers user-data partitions; first-boot encryption in the initramfs is on master only, not in v4.3.0. After first boot: Add or edit files in /oem; applied on the next boot or reconcile; install-time keys apply only at install, upgrade or reset.Documented, evidence[157,158,159,160,161,162,163]
Update unit ?
Whole OS imageNote: Paths listed as persistent (including /opt, /etc/systemd, /etc/ssh, /etc/kubernetes; v4.3.0 also listed /usr/libexec, removed after it by kairos-io/kairos#4465) are synced from the image to persistent storage on every boot with rsync --update and no --delete, so a file the new image removes stays, and an image file is not applied when the persisted copy is newer. Not described in the Kairos docs; read from the code. Tracked in kairos-io/kairos#5268. Evidence: INFERRED.Boot files on upgrade: Standard install: not refreshed: a standard install upgrade does not write shim or GRUB; Trusted Boot: the whole artifact is written to the EFI partition, including the systemd-boot binary (INFERRED, code reading).Mechanism: A/B partition switch.Documented, evidence[164,165,166,167,168]
Mounts ?
  • Read-only / (fixed-size ext2 file mounted read-only over loopback)
  • Writable, reset on reboot /var, /etc, /srv (overlay on tmpfs)
  • Writable, persistent /usr/local; /oem; paths in PERSISTENT_STATE_PATHS (for example /home, /opt, /root, /etc/ssh and /var/log), bind-mounted from /usr/local/.state
  • Configurable Add persistent bind mounts and ephemeral mounts in the install configuration (install.bind_mounts, install.ephemeral_mounts). The defaults come from cloud-config files that a later file can override. Immutability can be switched off at the kernel command line (rd.immucore.disable or rd.immucore.debugrw).
Documented, evidence[520,521,522,523]
Adding software to the OS ?
  • Derive the imageA Dockerfile that starts from a Kairos image. The package manager of that image's base distribution runs at build time, not on the node.[169]
  • systemd-sysextSystem extension images extend /usr at runtime. The base image needs systemd 255 or newer. Under Trusted Boot only signed images are supported. The docs also state that packages cannot be added to the system after installation; system extensions and bundles are the documented ways to add software.[170,171]
  • Vendor extensionsBundles are Kairos container images that hold only files. They install once, at install time or on first boot. Changing a bundle's configuration later has no effect.[172]
Documented, evidence
Update signature check ?
PossibleOptional.[173] With Trusted Boot, an upgrade checks that the new UKI is signed with a key the machine's Secure Boot accepts, and stops if it is not.[174,175] The standard install does not check update signatures by default. The cosign setting turns on a cosign check for images pulled from a registry (inferred).[176,177]Documented, evidence
Boot trust chain ?
Level 3: Running root coveredOptional.[173] With Trusted Boot (a UKI signed with your own keys), trust reaches the running root (level 3).[173,178,179] For the standard install, the boot trust level is not established. The docs say every flavor works with Secure Boot through signed upstream artifacts, but Hadron, the only base with released images, builds its shim with no signing step (inferred).[180,181,182] How the root is covered: the whole OS is inside the signed UKI, no pivot (signed UKI). The whole OS is packed in the UKI initrd and runs from memory, with signed system extensions only. Disk keys are sealed to the signed PCR 11 policy.Documented, evidence
Automatic rollback ?
YesAttempts: 1 on the GRUB path. On Trusted Boot the docs say there is none, while the agent code arms a boot counter of 3 on the entries it writesNo row-level source. Sources for the Rollback and recovery sectionDocumented, evidence
Fleet upgrade paths ?
  • Kubernetes operator: kairos-operator open source, Apache-2.0, one-shot run[183,184]
  • Fleet server: AuroraBoot fleet server open source, Apache-2.0, one-shot run[187,188]
  • Cluster API: cluster-api-provider-kairos open source, Apache-2.0, reconciled by replacement, API may still change (README)[189,190,191,192]
On its own: No self-update agent is documented. No timer or agent appears in the docs. Also: system-upgrade-controller: system-upgrade-controller Plans (open source, Apache-2.0, deprecated)[185,186].Documented, evidence
Kubernetes ?
Optional, bundled in standard images onlyDocumented ways to run Kubernetes: k3s; k0s; kubeadm. How each is offered: k3s, in the image; k0s, in the image; Upstream Kubernetes, in the imageDocumented, evidence[193,194,195]
Node access ?
  • SSH and shell
  • Fleet server or controller
AuroraBoot fleet server (open source)No row-level source. Sources for the Operations and debugging sectionDocumented, evidence
Cluster API ?
Own providersbootstrap, control-plane, infrastructure. Pre-1.0, self-declaredNo row-level source. Sources for the Fleet management sectionDocumented, evidence
AI accelerators ?
  • NVIDIA Jetson: Jetson AGX Orin, Orin NX, AGX Thor and DGX Spark (GB10) arm64; layered package; works with Secure Boot (documented); GPU Operator not documented[196,197,198]
  • Hadron: NVIDIA GPU: NVIDIA discrete GPU, open kernel modules amd64; you build it; unsigned modules; GPU Operator with the host driver[199,200]
  • Hadron: NVIDIA Jetson: Jetson AGX Thor; Orin image builds arm64; you build it; Secure Boot not documented; GPU Operator with host driver and toolkit[199]
  • Other accelerators: via your base distribution the drivers your chosen base distribution provides, installed when you build the image. Not documented per accelerator by Kairos.[201]
Documented, evidence
Architectures ?
  • Hadron: amd64
  • Hadron: arm64
  • riscv64 via your base distribution own components built for it: kairos-init, kairos-agent, immucore
Documented, evidence[202,203,204]
Self-hostable update source ?
YesAny OCI registry, or a local file; there is no update serverNo row-level source. Sources for the Upgrade sectionDocumented, evidence
Who holds the assets ?
Foundation-heldCNCF, SandboxNo row-level source. Sources for the Governance sectionDocumented, evidence
Support model ?
None publishedCommercial support: availableNo row-level source. Sources for the Maturity sectionDocumented, evidence
What names the OS version
Named by KAIROS_VERSION in /etc/kairos-release plus flavor, variant and model fields. Condition: One version per build; no system extensions, no bundles, and nothing written to /usr/local or /usr/libexec.Inclusion criterion 1: atomic updates (versioned OS).Documented, evidence[524,525,526,527,528]
Maintainers
Five of six maintainers work for Spectro Cloud.Documented, evidence[529]

Sources for this section

Rows here, and guide text, marked "No row-level source" rest on these lists. Each list backs its dimension as a whole, not one row.

Customization [530,201,531,532]

Provisioning [533,187,534]

Rollback and recovery [535,536,537,538,523]

Operations and debugging [539,187]

Fleet management [187,189,540,192,282,541,542,543,544]

Upgrade [545,546,523,547]

Governance [548,529,549,550,551,552]

Maturity [194,553,551,543]

OS model [194,4,181,554]

OS artifact [537,522,545,194]

Kubernetes relationship [194,193,555,195,183]

Every value as the matrix records it, with its evidence label and sources. For open bugs and advisories, see the project's own issue tracker.
distribution, base-images

Hadron Linux

v0.5.3 · collected 22 Sep 2026
Entry ?
Hadron Linuxv0.5.3 · 18 Sep 2026distributionbase-imagesNewer releaseNewer release since collection: v0.6.0 (checked 2026-10-19). Not yet re-validated.
Who owns the artifact ?
  • Vendor base, you derive
No row-level source. Sources for the Customization sectionDocumented, evidence
Bring your own distro ?
UnknownUnknown, evidence
Day-0 paths ?
  • every Kairos path: interactive, unattended cloud-config, ISO, netboot, cloud image, raw image
No row-level source. Sources for the Provisioning sectionDocumented, evidence
Configuration tool ?
Not collected
Update unit ?
Whole OS imageNote: Hadron is upgraded through Kairos, so the Kairos entry's note on persistent paths applies.Mechanism: A/B partition switch.Documented, evidence[164]
Mounts ?
  • Read-only Set by the lifecycle manager (Kairos); see the Kairos data sheet
  • Writable, reset on reboot Set by the lifecycle manager (Kairos); see the Kairos data sheet
  • Writable, persistent Set by the lifecycle manager (Kairos); see the Kairos data sheet
  • Configurable Set by the lifecycle manager (Kairos); see the Kairos data sheet. Immutability can be switched off at the kernel command line, through Kairos.
Documented, evidence[560]
Adding software to the OS ?
  • Derive the imageA Dockerfile that starts FROM the Hadron image. Pre-built Hadron layers and firmware images are copied in with COPY --from.[556]
  • systemd-sysextBuild a sysext from a container image with AuroraBoot. Only the last image layer is converted, and the result is signed by the adopter.[557]
Documented, evidence
Update signature check ?
Through KairosSee the Kairos data sheet.Documented, evidence[558]
Boot trust chain ?
Through KairosSee the Kairos data sheet.Documented, evidence[558]
Automatic rollback ?
YesNo row-level source. Sources for the Rollback and recovery sectionDocumented, evidence
Fleet upgrade paths ?
Not collected
Kubernetes ?
Optional, not bundledBundled in Kairos standard images built from Hadron. Documented ways to run Kubernetes: k3s; k0s. How each is offered: k3s, build option; k0s, build optionDocumented, evidence[559]
Node access ?
  • SSH and shell
No row-level source. Sources for the Operations and debugging sectionDocumented, evidence
Cluster API ?
None documentedNo row-level source. Sources for the Fleet management sectionDocumented, evidence
AI accelerators ?
  • NVIDIA GPU: NVIDIA discrete GPU, open kernel modules amd64; you build it; unsigned modules; GPU Operator with the host driver[199,200]
  • NVIDIA Jetson: Jetson AGX Thor; Orin image builds arm64; you build it; Secure Boot not documented; GPU Operator with host driver and toolkit[199]
Documented, evidence
Architectures ?
  • amd64
  • arm64
Tooling only: riscv64No row-level source. Sources for the Hardware and platform sectionDocumented, evidence
Self-hostable update source ?
Not collected
Who holds the assets ?
UnknownCNCF, claimed through the Kairos project, not separately listedNo row-level source. Sources for the Governance sectionDocumented, evidence
Support model ?
None publishedCommercial support: through Kairos commercial supportNo row-level source. Sources for the Maturity sectionDocumented, evidence
What names the OS version
Through Kairos. The Kairos release pins a Hadron version.Inclusion criterion 1: atomic updates (versioned OS).Documented, evidence[559,561]
Maintainers
Maintained by the Kairos maintainers (CODEOWNERS), five of six of whom work for Spectro Cloud.Documented, evidence[562,529]

Sources for this section

Rows here, and guide text, marked "No row-level source" rest on these lists. Each list backs its dimension as a whole, not one row.

Customization [559,563,564,565,566,199]

Provisioning [567,568,560]

Rollback and recovery [569,559]

Operations and debugging [570,559,571]

Fleet management [559,572,573,565]

Hardware and platform [574,575,559,199,576]

Governance [577,562,529,578,559,579]

Maturity [580,578,581,543,561]

Every value as the matrix records it, with its evidence label and sources. For open bugs and advisories, see the project's own issue tracker.
distribution

Talos Linux

Sidero Labs project (acquired by Yardi, September 2026)

v1.14.1 · collected 15 Sep 2026
Entry ?
Talos Linuxv1.14.1 · 15 Sep 2026distributionNewer releaseNewer release since collection: v1.14.4 (checked 2026-10-19). Not yet re-validated.
Who owns the artifact ?
  • Vendor image
  • You build it (framework)
No row-level source. Sources for the Customization sectionDocumented, evidence
Bring your own distro ?
No, ships its own baseInferred, evidence[205]
Day-0 paths ?
  • ISO
  • PXE
  • UKI
  • Cloud image
  • Disk image
  • Installer
Config: declarative machine configurationNo row-level source. Sources for the Provisioning sectionDocumented, evidence
Configuration tool ?
  • Machine configuration (machined, gRPC API) (MPL-2.0) Earliest: before services (before kubelet); Latest: running node; Repeat: every boot, on demand (API or CLI); Scope: files and units
Install disk selection and wipe, volume partitions, and disk encryption for system and user volumes with static, nodeID, KMS or TPM keys. After first boot: Yes, through the API; install keys have no effect after install. No reconcile: the node never fetches new configuration on its own. The config writes files; no cited source shows it defining units, so the scope value is the nearest one, files and units.Documented, evidence[206,207,208,209,210,211]
Update unit ?
Whole OS imageNote: The bootloader is refreshed on every upgrade.Mechanism: A/B partition switch.Documented, evidence[14,15]
Mounts ?
  • Read-only / (read-only squashfs mounted as a loop device)
  • Writable, reset on reboot /system, /tmp, /run (tmpfs, recreated on every boot)
  • Writable, persistent /var (the EPHEMERAL partition, XFS); STATE; META; /etc/kubernetes and similar directories (overlay, backed by /var)
  • Configurable Only to add storage: a UserVolumeConfig document in the machine configuration creates a persistent volume mounted at /var/mnt/<name>.
Documented, evidence[582,583]
Adding software to the OS ?
  • Vendor extensionsTalos system extensions extend the root filesystem. They are built into boot assets or the installer image, and they activate only at install or upgrade.[212]
Documented, evidence
Update signature check ?
PossibleOptional.[213] With an image verification policy (ImageVerificationConfig), the node checks the signatures of the images it pulls, including the images Talos pulls itself.[213] A machine with no verification policy does not require signatures.[213]Documented, evidence
Boot trust chain ?
Level 3: Running root coveredOptional.[214] With SecureBoot UKI (the SecureBoot installer image, signed by Sidero Labs or with your own keys), trust reaches the running root (level 3).[214,215] The standard installer image does not document Secure Boot. GRUB boots legacy BIOS systems, where SecureBoot is not supported, and systemd-boot boots UEFI systems.[15,214] How the root is covered: the whole OS is inside the signed UKI, no pivot (signed UKI). The squashfs root is inside the UKI initramfs. With TPM disk encryption, keys are sealed to the signed PCR 11 policy plus PCR 7.Documented, evidence
Automatic rollback ?
Only when the init process failsNo row-level source. Sources for the Rollback and recovery sectionDocumented, evidence
Fleet upgrade paths ?
  • Fleet server: Omni source-available, BUSL-1.1, reconciled in place[216,217]
  • Cluster API: CACPPT (Cluster API control plane provider Talos) open source, MPL-2.0, reconciled by replacement, no longer actively developed[218]
  • Reboot coordination: Talos etcd quorum guard [14]
On its own: No self-update agent exists. OS upgrades are effected by an API call. Also: Kubernetes operator: tuppr (open source, AGPL-3.0, reconciled in place, third-party)[219].Documented, evidence
Kubernetes ?
Bundled and requiredDocumented ways to run Kubernetes: upstream Kubernetes, rendered as static pods. How each is offered: Upstream Kubernetes, set up by the OSDocumented, evidence[220,221]
Node access ?
  • API only
  • Fleet server or controller
No SSH and no local shell. Omni (source-available)No row-level source. Sources for the Operations and debugging sectionDocumented, evidence
Cluster API ?
Own providers, no longer actively developedbootstrap, control-plane, infrastructure. README notices point to Omni; releases still shipNo row-level source. Sources for the Fleet management sectionDocumented, evidence
AI accelerators ?
  • NVIDIA GPU: NVIDIA GPU, open and proprietary, lts and production amd64, arm64; signed driver from the project; signed (inferred); GPU Operator with host driver and toolkit[222,223]
  • AMD: AMD GPU, amdgpu extension signed driver from the project; signed (inferred)[224]
  • Intel: Intel i915, xe and intel-npu extensions signed driver from the project; signed (inferred)[225]
  • Qualcomm: Qualcomm Cloud AI (qaic) signed driver from the project; signed (inferred)[225]
  • Edge NPU: Hailo (hailort), Coral (gasket-driver), Tenstorrent, Rockchip (rockchip-rknn) signed driver from the project; signed (inferred)[225]
Documented, evidence
Architectures ?
  • amd64
  • arm64
No row-level source. Sources for the Hardware and platform sectionDocumented, evidence
Self-hostable update source ?
YesAny OCI registry; Image Factory can run on-premisesNo row-level source. Sources for the Upgrade sectionDocumented, evidence
Who holds the assets ?
Single vendorVendor: Sidero Labs, which announced on 2026-09-14 that it has been acquired by Yardi and continues to operate as a standalone companyNo row-level source. Sources for the Governance sectionDocumented, evidence
Support model ?
Versioned, with end of lifeCommercial support: availableNo row-level source. Sources for the Maturity sectionDocumented, evidence
What names the OS version
Named by Talos version plus the Image Factory schematic ID. No condition on the Image Factory path.Inclusion criterion 1: atomic updates (versioned OS).Documented, evidence[584]
Maintainers
Single vendor.Documented, evidence[585]

Sources for this section

Rows here, and guide text, marked "No row-level source" rest on these lists. Each list backs its dimension as a whole, not one row.

Customization [212,586,587,588]

Provisioning [589,590,591]

Rollback and recovery [592,593,14,594,595,596]

Operations and debugging [597,598,599,600]

Fleet management [217,601,602,603,604,218,605,282]

Hardware and platform [606,587,607]

Upgrade [14,213,608,590,589,609]

Governance [602,610,585,611,612]

Maturity [613,606,614,615,616]

Kubernetes relationship [14,220,606]

Every value as the matrix records it, with its evidence label and sources. For open bugs and advisories, see the project's own issue tracker.
distribution, framework

Ubuntu Core

Canonical project

Ubuntu Core 26 · collected 15 Sep 2026
Entry ?
Ubuntu CoreUbuntu Core 26 · 14 May 2026distributionframeworkVersion not checked
Who owns the artifact ?
  • Vendor image
  • You build it (framework)
No row-level source. Sources for the Customization sectionDocumented, evidence
Bring your own distro ?
No, ships its own baseInferred, evidence[226]
Day-0 paths ?
  • Disk image
  • VM image
  • Factory
Config: console-conf at first bootNo row-level source. Sources for the Provisioning sectionDocumented, evidence
Configuration tool ?
  • snapd install mode with gadget.yaml (GPL-3.0) Earliest: installer; Latest: running node; Repeat: once, on demand (API or CLI); Scope: settings only
snapd creates partitions, encrypts ubuntu-data and ubuntu-save and seals keys in the TPM. After first boot: snap set system. A gadget that ships cloud-init configuration can run any command; snapd copies the gadget cloud config unfiltered. No doc names runcmd.Documented, evidence[227,228,229]
Update unit ?
Per snapMechanism: Snap revision refresh.Longest hold: indefinite with snap refresh --hold=forever.Documented, evidence[230,231]
Mounts ?
  • Read-only every snap, including the base snap that serves as the root filesystem; ubuntu-seed; ubuntu-boot (snap images (squashfs), presented read-only)
  • Writable, reset on reboot the whole system, in install and recover modes only (tmpfs)
  • Writable, persistent ubuntu-data, holding system and user data; ubuntu-save, holding device identity and recovery data
  • Configurable Only to add storage: declare extra partitions in the gadget snap's volume layout, before ubuntu-boot. The roles and the read-only set stay fixed. Immutability can be switched off at build time, with a model of grade dangerous (documented for development only).
Documented, evidence[230,226,617,228]
Adding software to the OS ?
  • SnapsEverything on the device is a snap, and snaps can be installed on a running device. The model assertion names the snaps an image holds. In the signed grade, snaps outside the model cannot appear in the recovery system.[226,232,233]
Documented, evidence
Update signature check ?
PossibleSigned assertions. Whether it is on by default is not recorded.No row-level source. Sources for the Upgrade sectionInferred, evidence
Boot trust chain ?
Level 2: Measured bootOn by default. Each boot stage is measured into the TPM (level 2, measured boot).[234,235] Needs a device with UEFI Secure Boot and TPM 2.0. kernel.efi is a signed UKI, and disk encryption is sealed to the EFI boot state. The base snap is mounted from disk; snap dm-verity exists in snapd but is not enabled at boot.Documented, evidence
Automatic rollback ?
Documented for a remodel onlyNo row-level source. Sources for the Rollback and recovery sectionDocumented, evidence
Fleet upgrade paths ?
  • Fleet server: Snap Store or brand store with validation sets managed service, proprietary, reconciled in place[236]
  • Fleet server: Landscape proprietary, one-shot run[237]
  • Fleet server: Canonical Enterprise Store proprietary[238]
On its own: snapd checks for refreshes 4 times a day.Documented, evidence
Kubernetes ?
Optional, not bundledDocumented ways to run Kubernetes: MicroK8s, from its strict-confinement tracks. How each is offered: MicroK8s, add-onDocumented, evidence[239,240]
Node access ?
  • SSH and shell
  • Fleet server or controller
Landscape (proprietary)No row-level source. Sources for the Operations and debugging sectionDocumented, evidence
Cluster API ?
None documentedNo row-level source. Sources for the Fleet management sectionDocumented, evidence
AI accelerators ?
  • NVIDIA GPU: NVIDIA CUDA on Core 24 (x86_64 path) amd64; vendor image or package; Secure Boot not documented; GPU Operator not documented[241]
  • NVIDIA Jetson: Jetson AGX Orin, Orin Nano, Orin NX (Ubuntu Core 22) platform build; works with Secure Boot (documented)[242]
Documented, evidence
Architectures ?
  • amd64
  • arm64
No row-level source. Sources for the Hardware and platform sectionDocumented, evidence
Self-hostable update source ?
Commercial onlyCanonical Enterprise Store, a paid on-premises proxyNo row-level source. Sources for the Upgrade sectionDocumented, evidence
Who holds the assets ?
Single vendorCanonicalNo row-level source. Sources for the Governance sectionDocumented, evidence
Support model ?
LTS streamCommercial support: availableNo row-level source. Sources for the Maturity sectionDocumented, evidence
What names the OS version
Named by the model assertion plus a revision per snap, by default (none for the whole OS); with a pinning validation set, account-id/name/sequence. Condition: The fleet's OS version is the own-brand model assertion plus an enforced validation set that pins the base, kernel, gadget and snapd snaps at fixed revisions. This works on the public Snap Store, and a brand store is not required: the store header of a model is optional, and a device without it uses the main Ubuntu store. Without an enforced validation set, each device refreshes its snaps on its own, and R1 is not met.Inclusion criterion 1: atomic updates (versioned OS).Documented, evidence[618,233,619,620]
Maintainers
Single vendor.Documented, evidence[621]

Sources for this section

Rows here, and guide text, marked "No row-level source" rest on these lists. Each list backs its dimension as a whole, not one row.

Customization [233,226,234,622]

Provisioning [227,623,624,240]

Upgrade [625,240,231,626,627]

Rollback and recovery [628,629,630,631,625]

Operations and debugging [632,624,630]

Fleet management [633,627,625,231,240,634,282,635,636,464]

Hardware and platform [637,638,234,226,639,640,641,241,642]

Governance [643,621,644]

Maturity [240,638,642]

Every value as the matrix records it, with its evidence label and sources. For open bugs and advisories, see the project's own issue tracker.
distribution

openSUSE MicroOS

openSUSE project SUSEmain sponsor

16.0.0-Snapshot20260919 · collected 15 Sep 2026
Entry ?
openSUSE MicroOS16.0.0-Snapshot20260919 · 19 Sep 2026distributionNewer releaseNewer release since collection: Snapshot20261017 (checked 2026-10-19). Not yet re-validated.
Who owns the artifact ?
  • Vendor image
  • Assembled from packages
No row-level source. Sources for the Customization sectionDocumented, evidence
Bring your own distro ?
No, ships its own baseInferred, evidence[645]
Day-0 paths ?
  • ISO
  • Disk image
  • Cloud image
  • PXE
Config: Combustion shell scriptNo row-level source. Sources for the Provisioning sectionDocumented, evidence
Configuration tool ?
  • Combustion (GPL-2.0-or-later) Earliest: unknown; Latest: unknown; Repeat: unknown; Scope: unknown
  • Ignition Earliest: unknown; Latest: unknown; Repeat: unknown; Scope: unknown
  • cloud-init (OpenStack images) Earliest: unknown; Latest: unknown; Repeat: unknown; Scope: unknown
  • jeos-firstboot (interactive) (MIT) Earliest: unknown; Latest: unknown; Repeat: unknown; Scope: unknown
Can re-partition the hard disk; TPM2 or FIDO2 enrollment of an existing LUKS2 device happens in userspace. After first boot: No (INFERRED); later changes go through transactional-update. All four cells are unknown: they were not researched in this edition. All four cells are unknown: they were not researched in this edition. All four cells are unknown: they were not researched in this edition. All four cells are unknown: they were not researched in this edition.Documented, evidence[646,647]
Update unit ?
Root snapshot with /etcMechanism: Transactional snapshot.Documented, evidence[13]
Mounts ?
  • Read-only / (read-only btrfs subvolume, made writable only inside a new snapshot)
  • Writable, reset on reboot Not found in the documentation we read. Know the answer?
  • Writable, persistent /var (separate btrfs subvolume, left out of snapshots); /etc (overlay); /home, /root, /opt, /srv and /usr/local (separate btrfs subvolumes in the image definition); /boot/writable (separate btrfs subvolume, in 20 of the 22 image profiles; not in kvm-and-xen-sdboot or kvm-and-xen-grub-bls)
  • Configurable Unknown
Documented, evidence[11,12]
Adding software to the OS ?
  • Transactional packagestransactional-update installs RPM packages into a new snapshot. The system boots that snapshot on the next boot.[648,649]
  • systemd-sysextsysextmgrcli downloads and version-checks sysext images, and systemd-sysext merges them. The images match the booted snapshot.[650]
Documented, evidence
Update signature check ?
PossibleRPM and repository signing. Whether it is on by default is not recorded.No row-level source. Sources for the Upgrade sectionInferred, evidence
Boot trust chain ?
Level 2: Measured bootOptional. Each boot stage is measured into the TPM (level 2, measured boot).[651,652] Where the default leaves you is not recorded. Measured boot applies with TPM2 full-disk encryption. No UKI or dm-verity root is documented.Documented, evidence
Automatic rollback ?
YesAttempts: 3 by default on BLS bootloaders, configurable in /etc/kernel/triesNo row-level source. Sources for the Rollback and recovery sectionDocumented, evidenceFact-fixhealth-checker is installed by default (documented). Whether its unit is enabled by default in a stock image is not verified.
Fleet upgrade paths ?
  • Reboot coordination: rebootmgr open source, GPL-2.0[655]
On its own: transactional-update is run by systemd.timer in regular intervals (OnCalendar=daily). Whether openSUSE enables the timer by default is unverified. Also: Kubernetes operator: SUSE Edge Upgrade Controller (open source, Apache-2.0, reconciled in place, SUSE Linux Micro only, not openSUSE MicroOS)[653]; system-upgrade-controller: system-upgrade-controller example Plan (open source, Apache-2.0)[654].Documented, evidence
Kubernetes ?
Optional, not bundledDocumented ways to run Kubernetes: k3s, on a wiki page the project marks unmaintained. How each is offered: k3s, add-onDocumented, evidence[656]
Node access ?
  • SSH and shell
No row-level source. Sources for the Operations and debugging sectionDocumented, evidence
Cluster API ?
None documentedNo row-level source. Sources for the Fleet management sectionDocumented, evidence
AI accelerators ?
  • NVIDIA GPU: NVIDIA GPU, open driver, SUSE Linux Micro 6.2 (subscription) amd64; layered package; signed (inferred); GPU Operator with the host driver[657]
openSUSE MicroOS: applies to SUSE Linux Micro.Documented, evidence
Architectures ?
  • amd64
  • arm64
  • ppc64le
  • armv7l
  • s390x
  • riscv64
No row-level source. Sources for the Hardware and platform sectionDocumented, evidence
Self-hostable update source ?
YesA mirror of the Tumbleweed repositoriesNo row-level source. Sources for the Upgrade sectionInferred, evidence
Who holds the assets ?
Community project, sponsor holds the trademarkSponsor: SUSENo row-level source. Sources for the Governance sectionDocumented, evidence
Support model ?
Rolling, no LTSCommercial support: none for MicroOSNo row-level source. Sources for the Maturity sectionDocumented, evidence
What names the OS version
Does not meet criterion 1. Each node builds its next snapshot from packages with transactional-update, also from a pinned repository. No artifact is built once for the fleet.Inclusion criterion 1: atomic updates (versioned OS).Documented, evidence[658,659]
Maintainers
Maintainer affiliation is not published. The sponsor, SUSE, holds the trademark and the infrastructure.Documented, evidence[660]

Sources for this section

Rows here, and guide text, marked "No row-level source" rest on these lists. Each list backs its dimension as a whole, not one row.

Customization [648,650,661,647]

Provisioning [661,647,648,662,663]

Upgrade [664,665,655,666,667]

Rollback and recovery [648,668,669,664,670,671]

Operations and debugging [648,663,672,655]

Fleet management [668,655,673,650,674,282,675,676,464]

Hardware and platform [677,678,679,680,663,657]

Governance [681,660,682,683,684]

Maturity [685,686,687,688,689]

OS model [645,690,691,692,685,672,688]

Immutability [648,664]

Every value as the matrix records it, with its evidence label and sources. For open bugs and advisories, see the project's own issue tracker.

Sources

Primary sources only. Each was read on the date shown.

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